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In precision-driven TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, electrode material selection is critical to achieving high-quality, stable welds. Among all options, tungsten electrodes stand out as the industry benchmark. Let’s dive into the scientific rationale behind this choice and explore their technical advantages. Key Requirements for TIG Welding Electrodes 1. High-Temperature StabilityThe electrode must withstand arc temperatures exceeding 3000°C without melting or eroding. Failure here leads to: l Arc instability: Deformed electrode tips cause erratic arcs. l Weld contamination: Molten electrode material pollutes the weld pool, creating defects like porosity. l Short lifespan: Frequent replacements increase operational costs. 2. Superior Electron EmissionLow work function (energy required to emit electrons) ensures consistent thermionic emission at high temperatures. This stabilizes the arc, concentrates energy, and enhances welding precision. 3. High Current Capacity & Thermal ConductivityElectrodes must efficiently conduct electricity (minimizing resistive heating) and dissipate heat to avoid overheating or oxidation during high-current operations. 4. Precision MachinabilityElectrodes require finely ground tips (e.g., 15° or 30° angles) to ensure: l Focused arc energy. l Secure clamping in torches. l Reliable electrical contact. 5. Safety & Environmental ComplianceMaterials must be non-toxic and non-radioactive (unlike early thorium-doped tungsten), aligning with occupational health and sustainability standards. Why Tungsten Electrodes Excel 1. Unmatched Physical Properties l Melting point of 3422°C: Far exceeds alternatives like copper (1083°C) or aluminum (660°C), ensuring minimal wear. l Low work function (4.5 eV): Balances efficient electron emission with safety (vs. radioactive thorium-based electrodes). l High thermal conductivity (173 W/m·K): Supports heavy-duty welding at 200–400 A. 2. Chemical Stability & Eco-Friendliness l Oxidation resistance: Forms a protective oxide layer at high temperatures. l Non-toxic and radiation-free: Pure tungsten or rare-earth-doped variants (e.g., cerium, lanthanum) meet RoHS and ISO 14001 standards. 3. Cost Efficiency & Durability l Long service life: One electrode can last hours to days, reducing downtime. l Precision compatibility: Ideal for automated systems requiring consistent performance. Applications Across Industries l Aerospace: Ceriated tungsten (WC20) ensures stable arcs for critical components, free from radioactivity. l Thin Stainless Steel: Pure tungsten (WP) offers precise heat control and minimal spatter. l Aluminum High-Frequency Welding: Lanthanated tungsten (WL15) resists contamination and ensures smooth arc starts. Future Innovations As green manufacturing gains momentum, advancements in tungsten electrodes focus on: 1. Advanced doping: Incorporating yttrium or scandium to boost electron emission. 2. Nanocoatings: Enhancing wear resistance and lowering work function. 3. Smart systems: Adaptive electrode-power supply integration for real-time arc optimization. Final Thoughts Tungsten electrodes remain indispensable in TIG welding due to their unmatched heat resistance, arc stability, and environmental safety. With ongoing material science breakthroughs, they will continue to drive efficiency and sustainability in advanced manufacturing.

IntroductionWeld colors are more than just a visual spectacle—they reveal critical information about the integrity, quality, and performance of a weld. While vibrant hues may captivate the eye, their implications vary depending on materials, processes, and applications. Understanding these colors is essential for ensuring weld reliability, particularly in industries where corrosion resistance and structural integrity are paramount. Why Do Welds Change Color?When steel is heated during welding, its surface interacts with atmospheric elements, triggering oxidation. The resulting colors depend on factors like material composition, ambient conditions, temperature, and exposure time. While surface oxidation is common, deeper oxidation can lead to porosity, compromising weld strength. This underscores the importance of protective measures such as shielding gases or fluxes, which safeguard the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ) until they cool sufficiently. Key Insight: Weld colors alone are not definitive indicators of quality. Context matters—material type, industry standards, and application requirements all play a role. Material-Specific Considerations   Stainless Steel:Colors in the weld or HAZ (ranging from straw to blue or purple) signal oxide layer formation, which can degrade corrosion resistance. Industries like pharmaceuticals often reject welds showing colors beyond straw, while others (e.g., dairy) tolerate darker hues. Mechanical or chemical cleaning can restore corrosion resistance—a critical feature for stainless steel’s primary purpose. Pro Tip: High-quality welding consumables, such as those offered by Chenxiang Welding Products, minimize oxidation and enhance weld consistency. Titanium:Titanium’s sensitivity to atmospheric contaminants (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen) makes color a key indicator of weld integrity. Silver or straw hues are ideal; darker tones suggest contamination and embrittlement risks. While aesthetics may tempt some (e.g., motorcycle exhausts), structural safety should always take precedence. Factors Influencing Weld ColorsVariables like arc length, travel speed, base metal temperature, surface cleanliness, and post-weld treatments (e.g., back purging) all impact color outcomes. Mastery comes through practice, but selecting the right tools and materials lays the foundation for success. ConclusionWeld colors blend art and science. They may signal flaws in critical applications or serve as artistic features in others. By prioritizing material compatibility, process control, and industry standards, professionals can harness these colors as diagnostic tools. Remember: A flawless weld isn’t just about appearance—it’s about performance. Final Note: For welds demanding precision and durability, consider solutions like Chenxiang Welding Products, designed to optimize shielding and minimize oxidation for consistent, high-quality results.

In manufacturing, welding quality is a cornerstone of structural integrity and operational safety. A systematic approach—spanning pre-weld, in-process, and post-weld phases—ensures compliance with industry standards and minimizes defects. Below, we outline critical measures for each stage. 1. Pre-Weld Preparations: Laying the Foundation l Personnel Qualification: Welders must hold valid certifications and demonstrate proficiency in their assigned tasks. l Equipment Readiness: Ensure welding machines, power sources, and auxiliary tools (e.g., torches, grounding cables) are calibrated and functional. l Material Integrity: Verify base metals and consumables (e.g., electrodes, shielding gases) against specifications. For instance, premium-grade welding wires, such as those engineered for high-stress environments, play a pivotal role in achieving uniform penetration and minimizing porosity. Proper storage and handling—including controlled drying of electrodes—are non-negotiable. l Method Validation: Select welding techniques (e.g., TIG, MIG, laser) aligned with approved procedures and material compatibility. l Environmental Controls: Monitor ambient conditions (humidity, temperature, wind) to prevent defects like cold cracking. Preheating Cr-Mo steels, for example, is essential to mitigate thermal stress. 2. In-Process Monitoring: Precision in Action l Operator Vigilance: Encourage welders to self-inspect layers during multi-pass welding, addressing issues like slag inclusion or misalignment promptly. l Parameter Adherence: Strictly regulate current, voltage, travel speed, and interpass temperatures. Consistency here is key—especially when using advanced consumables designed to maintain stability under dynamic conditions. l Equipment Reliability: Confirm real-time accuracy of meters and sensors to avoid deviations. l Weld Geometry & Cleanliness: Track bead profiles, interpass cleaning, and distortion mitigation strategies. 3. Post-Weld Inspections: Validating Excellence Visual Examination: Use magnifiers to detect surface flaws (cracks, underfill) and measure dimensions (reinforcement, toe alignment). l Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Generally, PT and MT are used for near-surface non-destructive testing of weldments, UT and RT are used for non-destructive testing of weldments, and TOFD ultrasonic testing, phased array testing, missed detection, digital radiographic testing and so on can be used in other occasions. l Destructive Testing & Strength Trials: Conduct bend tests, tensile tests, or hydrostatic pressure checks to validate joint integrity. l Leak Testing: The commonly used tightness test methods include liquid container leak test, air tightness test, ammonia test, kerosene leak test, helium test, and vacuum box test.(1) The liquid container leak test is mainly used to inspect non-pressure containers, pipelines and equipment.(2) The principle of air tightness test is: in a closed container, the compressed air far below the working pressure of the container is used to coat the outside of the weld with soapy water, and when the compressed air is introduced, there will be bubbles at the soapy water due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the container. The Role of Premium Consumables Selecting high-quality welding materials is indispensable. For instance, advanced welding wires—crafted to meet rigorous certifications—ensure consistent arc stability, reduced spatter, and superior mechanical properties. Such material not only meets stringent process requirements but also enhance productivity in demanding applications. By integrating these phases, manufacturers can achieve robust weld quality while adhering to global standards. At Chenxiang China, we recognize that excellence begins with meticulous preparation and ends with unwavering verification—principles that drive innovation in welding solutions.

In the welding process, welding current, voltage, and welding speed are the key parameters that determine the quality and size of the weld. Their interaction directly affects the penetration, width, reinforcement of the weld, as well as the stability and efficiency of welding. This article will deeply explore the specific influence of these parameters on the weld and the application and control points in different welding methods. Influence of Welding Current   When the welding current increases (with other conditions unchanged), the penetration and reinforcement of the weld will increase, while the width of the weld will not change much (or increase slightly). This is because the increase in current leads to an increase in the arc force and heat input, the heat source moves downward, and the penetration is approximately proportional to the current; at the same time, the amount of wire melted increases, and the reinforcement increases when the width of the weld remains unchanged; although the diameter of the arc column increases, the increase in the depth of the arc penetration limits the movement range of the arc spot, so the width of the weld remains basically unchanged. However, too large a current is easy to cause undercut, burn-through, and spatter in the weld, while too small a current will lead to unstable arc, small penetration, incomplete penetration, slag inclusion, and other problems, and also reduce productivity. Therefore, the welding current needs to be appropriately selected according to the diameter of the electrode and other factors, and adjusted according to the position of the weld, joint form, etc. Influence of Arc Voltage   When the arc voltage increases, the arc power increases, the heat input to the workpiece increases, the arc length lengthens and the distribution radius increases. As a result, the penetration decreases slightly, the width of the weld increases, and the reinforcement decreases. This is because when the width of the weld increases, the amount of wire melted decreases slightly. The arc voltage mainly affects the width of the weld. Too long an arc will make the combustion unstable, increase metal spatter, and may lead to pores in the weld. Therefore, a short arc should be used as much as possible during welding, and generally, the arc length should not exceed the diameter of the electrode. Influence of Welding Speed   When the welding speed increases, the energy decreases, and both the penetration and width of the weld will decrease, and the reinforcement will also decrease. Because the amount of wire deposited per unit length of the weld is inversely proportional to the welding speed, and the width of the weld is approximately inversely proportional to the square root of the welding speed. To improve productivity, a larger diameter electrode and current should be selected under the premise of ensuring quality, and the welding speed should be adjusted appropriately to ensure the consistency of the weld size. Short-circuit Transfer Welding   Short-circuit transfer is widely used in CO₂ arc welding for thin plates and all-position welding. Its specification parameters include arc voltage, welding current, welding speed, welding circuit inductance, gas flow rate, and wire extension length. For a specific wire diameter and welding current, a suitable arc voltage needs to be matched to achieve a stable short-circuit transfer process and reduce spatter. The welding circuit inductance can adjust the growth rate of the short-circuit current and control the penetration of the base metal; too fast or too slow welding speed will lead to weld defects; the gas flow rate depends on many factors; a suitable wire extension length should be 10 - 20 times the diameter of the wire, and it has a significant impact on the current and penetration; CO₂ arc welding generally adopts DC reverse polarity to obtain better results. Spray Transfer   In CO₂ gas, when the current reaches a certain value and is accompanied by a higher arc voltage, the molten metal of the wire is transferred in small droplets, which is suitable for medium and thick plate welding. This process has strong arc penetration and large penetration, and DC reverse polarity is adopted. When the current increases, the arc voltage needs to be increased correspondingly, otherwise, the weld formation will deteriorate, and if the voltage is too high, the spatter will increase significantly. Moreover, there are essential differences between the spray transfer in CO₂ and that in argon arc welding. Measures to Reduce Metal Spatter   Correct selection of process parameters can reduce spatter. The spatter rate is relatively small in the low-current and high-current regions (spray transfer region). The spatter is the least when the welding torch is vertical, and the forward or backward inclination is preferably not more than 20 degrees. The wire extension length should be shortened as much as possible, and an increase in the wire extension length will increase the spatter amount. Types of Shielding Gases and Welding Methods   CO₂ arc welding uses CO₂ as the shielding gas, and a preheater needs to be installed in the gas supply to prevent gas path blockage. The MAG welding method uses a mixture of CO₂ and Ar as the shielding gas and is suitable for stainless steel welding. The MIG welding method uses Ar as the shielding gas and is suitable for aluminum and aluminum alloy welding. Summary   Welding current, voltage, and welding speed play a crucial role in the welding process. Reasonable control of these parameters can ensure the quality of the weld, improve welding efficiency, and reduce welding defects. In actual operation, welders must accurately adjust these parameters according to the material, thickness, and welding position of the workpiece, and combine the characteristics of different welding methods and shielding gases to obtain the ideal welding effect. This not only requires a deep understanding of the welding principle but also rich practical experience to deal with various complex welding conditions and ensure the high-quality completion of welding work.

Welding is a cornerstone of manufacturing, yet residual stress from the process can lead to deformation or cracks. Selecting appropriate joint types and high-quality welding wires is key to mitigating these risks. This article explores 6 common welding joints and introduces optimized solutions. 01 Tee Joint Features: Two metals intersect at 90°, forming a "T" shape. Full penetration at the root is critical.Applications: Frameworks (bridges, steel structures).Challenge: Stress concentration at corners.Solution: Chenxiang China’s low-hydrogen wires minimize hydrogen-induced cracking and enhance impact resistance. 02 Edge Joint Features: Welding aligned edges, ideal for flanged components (e.g., pipe joints).Applications: Automotive chassis, storage tanks.Challenge: Thin plate distortion.Solution: Chenxiang China’s low-spatter wires reduce heat input, minimizing post-weld corrections. 03 Corner Joint Features: Metals joined at outer edges to form an "L" shape (e.g., boxes, frames).Applications: Cabinets, door/window frames.Challenge: Weakness in single-sided welds.Solution: Double-sided welding with Chenxiang China’s high-deposition wires ensures rapid filling and stability. 04 Lap Joint Features: Overlapping metal plates, suitable for varying thicknesses.Applications: Ship decks, pressure vessels.Challenge: Residual stress in overlap zones.Solution: Chenxiang China’s fatigue-resistant wires extend service life through optimized alloy design. 05 Butt Joint Features: End-to-end alignment, cost-effective and simple.Applications: Pipelines, sheet metal.Challenge: Incomplete root penetration.Solution: Chenxiang China’s deep-penetration wires guarantee full fusion for critical applications (e.g., oil/gas pipelines). 06 Core Strategies to Eliminate Welding Stress Beyond joint design, wire selection is vital: Pre/Post-heat Treatment: Low-hydrogen wires prevent cold cracks. Parameter Optimization: Precision wires ensure arc stability. Material Compatibility: Dedicated wires for stainless steel, aluminum, etc.   Why Choose Chenxiang China’s Wires? l Low hydrogen, minimal spatter, high deposition rates l Full range for diverse metals and processes l ISO 9001 certified, guaranteed quality ConclusionProper joint design and welding wire selection are pivotal in controlling residual stress. At Chenxiang China, we deliver tailored solutions to boost efficiency and cut costs. Contact our experts today for personalized recommendations!

In the field of modern welding technology, flux cored arc welding is an extremely important welding method. With its unique process and significant advantages, it has been widely used in many industries. Next, let's have an in-depth understanding of the relevant knowledge of flux cored arc welding. What is flux cored arc welding?   Flux cored arc welding, with the English name Flux Cored Arc Welding and the abbreviation FCAW, heats by using the arc between the flux cored wire and the workpiece. Under the high temperature of the arc, the wire metal and the joint part of the workpiece will melt, forming a molten pool. When the arc moves forward, the tail of the molten pool will gradually crystallize, and finally form a weld. What is flux cored wire? What are the characteristics of the flux core?   Flux cored wire is a welding wire formed by rolling thin steel strip into a steel pipe or special-shaped steel pipe, filling it with a certain composition of flux powder, and then drawing it. The composition of the flux core is similar to that of the electrode coating, mainly including arc stabilizer, slag forming agent, gas forming agent, alloying agent, deoxidizer, etc. These components play an important role in the welding process. What is the function of the flux in the flux cored wire?   1. Protective function: Some components in the flux will decompose and some will melt. The gas generated by decomposition can provide part or most of the protection. The melted flux forms slag, which covers the surface of the droplet and the molten pool to protect the liquid metal. 2. Arc stabilization: The arc stabilizer in the flux core helps to stabilize the arc and reduce spatter. 3. Alloying function: Some flux cores contain alloying elements, which can alloy the weld. 4. Deoxidizing function: The alloying elements in the slag react metallurgically with the liquid metal to improve the composition of the weld metal and enhance the mechanical properties. In addition, the slag can also reduce the cooling rate of the molten pool, prolong the existence time of the molten pool, reduce the content of harmful gases in the weld and prevent porosity.   What are the types of flux cored arc welding?   According to whether an external shielding gas is used, flux cored arc welding can be divided into flux cored wire gas shielded welding (FCAW - G) and self - shielded welding (FCAW - S). Flux cored wire gas shielded welding usually uses carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and argon as the shielding gas. The flux powder in the wire contains few gas forming agents and is similar to general gas shielded welding. Self - shielded welding does not require an external shielding gas and relies on the gas generated by the decomposition of a large amount of gas forming agent in the flux and the slag for protection. What are the advantages of flux cored arc welding?   1. High welding productivity: The deposition efficiency can reach 85% - 90%, and the deposition speed is fast. In flat welding, the deposition speed is 1.5 times that of manual arc welding; in other position welding, it is 3 - 5 times that of manual arc welding. 2. Low spatter and good weld formation: The arc stabilizer in the flux core makes the arc stable, with less spatter, and the weld surface formation is better than that of carbon dioxide welding. 3. High welding quality: The combined slag and gas protection can effectively prevent harmful gases from entering the welding area. The long existence time of the molten pool is conducive to the precipitation of gases, so the hydrogen content in the weld is low and the porosity resistance is good. 4. Strong adaptability: By adjusting the composition of the flux core of the wire, the requirements of different steels for the weld composition can be met. What are the disadvantages of flux cored arc welding?   1. Compared with gas shielded welding, the wire cost is higher and the manufacturing process is more complex. 2. Wire feeding is more difficult and requires a wire feeder with accurately adjustable clamping pressure. 3. The flux core is easy to absorb moisture, so the wire needs to be carefully stored. 4. Slag removal is required after welding. 5. More smoke and harmful gases are generated during the welding process, and enhanced ventilation is required. What shielding gases are usually used in flux cored arc welding? What are the characteristics of each?   Flux cored arc welding usually uses pure carbon dioxide gas or a mixture of carbon dioxide and argon as the shielding gas. The specific choice depends on the flux cored wire used. Argon is easy to ionize. When the argon content in the mixed gas is not less than 75%, stable spray transfer can be achieved in flux cored arc welding. As the argon content in the mixed gas decreases, the penetration depth increases, but the arc stability decreases and the spatter rate increases. The optimal mixed gas is 75%Ar + 25%CO₂, and Ar + 2%O₂ can also be used. When using pure CO₂ gas, because a large amount of oxygen atoms are generated by the decomposition of CO₂ gas under the action of arc heat, which will oxidize the manganese, silicon and other elements in the molten pool, resulting in the burning loss of alloy elements, it is necessary to use a wire with a high manganese and silicon content. Summary   As an important welding technology, flux cored arc welding occupies an important position in the welding field. It has unique process characteristics and many advantages, such as high productivity, good weld formation and high - quality welding, which make it widely used in many industries. However, we should not ignore its disadvantages, such as high cost and complex operation requirements. In practical applications, we should weigh the pros and cons according to specific needs, reasonably select the flux cored arc welding process and related parameters, so as to give full play to its advantages and ensure the efficient and high - quality completion of welding work. With the continuous development of technology, it is believed that the flux cored arc welding technology will also be continuously improved and perfected, and make greater contributions to the development of modern manufacturing industry.

In the field of welding, flux cored arc welding (FCAW-G) plays a significant role and is widely used in heavy manufacturing, construction, shipbuilding, offshore facilities and other industries for the welding of low-carbon steel, low-alloy steel and various alloy materials. The choice of shielding gas is crucial for the welding effect, and the commonly used ones are 100% pure CO₂ or a mixture of 75% - 80% Ar and 20% - 25% CO₂. This article will deeply explore the advantages and disadvantages of these two shielding gases to assist welding practitioners in making informed choices.   Shielding Gas Working Principle: The Invisible Shield in the Welding Area   The core function of the shielding gas is to block the air and prevent oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor from eroding the welding pool and electrode. During the welding process, the shielding gas is ejected from the welding torch nozzle, creating an isolated environment around the electrode to ensure the stable combustion of the arc and the normal solidification of the molten pool. Both CO₂ and Ar/CO₂ mixtures can effectively fulfill this responsibility and also participate in the construction of the arc plasma region, affecting the heat conduction of the arc and the force on the molten pool, although there are differences in their performance in these aspects. Shielding Gas Characteristics: Differences from a Microscopic Perspective   1. Ionization Potential and Arc Stability: The ionization potential determines the ease of gas conduction. The ionization potential of CO₂ is 14.4 eV, lower than that of Ar at 15.7 eV, which gives CO₂ an advantage in igniting and maintaining the arc and can quickly establish a stable welding arc. 2. Heat Conduction and Droplet Transfer: The high heat conduction ability of CO₂ makes it different from the Ar/CO₂ mixture in droplet transfer, arc shape, weld penetration and temperature distribution. The higher heat conductivity promotes the formation of large droplet transfer during droplet transfer, affecting the weld formation and penetration control. 3. Reactivity and Weld Composition: CO₂ is an inert gas at room temperature, but it decomposes into CO, O₂ and oxygen atoms under the high temperature of the arc and becomes an active gas, which is prone to oxidation reactions with metals. Ar is an inert gas, and the Ar/CO₂ mixture has relatively lower reactivity. This difference leads to changes in the content of alloy elements in the weld metal. For example, when using the Ar/CO₂ mixture, the deposition efficiency of the electrode alloy is higher because some alloy elements react with the oxygen decomposed from CO₂ to form oxides that enter the slag, increasing the content of deoxidizers such as Mn and Si in the weld, thereby increasing the weld strength but reducing the elongation and impact toughness. Inert Gases and Mixture Gases: Compatibility in Application   Although inert gases can protect the molten pool, when used alone for the welding of iron-based metals, problems may occur. For example, when using Ar to protect the welding of stainless steel, the arc will be elongated and the outer coating of the electrode will melt prematurely, resulting in poor weld formation. Therefore, Ar/CO₂ mixture gases are mostly used for the welding of iron-based metals. In North America, 75% Ar + 25% CO₂ or 80% Ar + 20% CO₂ mixtures are commonly used for stainless steel FCAW-G welding, and some welding wires require 90% Ar + 10% CO₂, and an Ar content lower than 75% will affect the arc performance. Factors in Shielding Gas Selection: Trade-offs between Cost, Welder and Quality   1. Cost Consideration: Choices behind the Economic Account: In welding costs, labor and management account for 80%, materials account for 20%, and shielding gas accounts for about 1/4 of the material cost. CO₂ has a wide range of sources and can be obtained at low cost through natural gas processing, air separation and other methods. However, Ar is scarce in the atmosphere, and its extraction requires complex equipment and high energy consumption, resulting in high costs. If only the gas cost is considered, CO₂ is the first choice, but the actual decision needs to be comprehensively weighed. 2. Welder Preference and Productivity: The Connection between Operating Experience and Efficiency: When using the same welding wire, the Ar/CO₂ mixture has a more stable arc, less spatter, and stable droplet transfer, which can maintain a good state of the molten pool, is beneficial to welding in special positions and improves productivity. However, its higher Ar content increases the heat radiation received by the welder, and the welding gun is prone to overheating, requiring a higher-power welding gun or more frequent replacement of wearing parts. 3. Welding Quality: The Key Guarantee of Weld Quality: The Ar/CO₂ mixture performs well in weld formation, reducing spatter and reducing post-weld cleaning costs, which is helpful for ultrasonic testing. However, it is more sensitive to gas marks. Because the fine droplets increase the gas dissolution amount, gas marks may affect the appearance and performance of the weld. Typical Application Scenarios: Selection Preferences in Industry Practice   In flat and horizontal high deposition welding, CO₂ is commonly used due to its cost advantage and meeting welding requirements; the shipbuilding industry favors CO₂ because its arc can effectively burn off the primer on the base metal; in the North American offshore construction industry, when welding specific groove welds, the Ar/CO₂ mixture is preferred due to the pursuit of weld appearance and low spatter. If multiple gas shielded welding processes are used in a workshop, the shielding gas is often standardized, and some manufacturers also choose the Ar/CO₂ mixture to optimize the GMAW welding effect. Conclusion: Comprehensive Consideration and Precise Decision-making   The selection of shielding gas for FCAW-G needs to balance cost, quality and productivity. Different manufacturers have different production requirements and cost considerations, and should be determined based on the impact of the gas on various aspects in actual welding operations. After selecting the shielding gas, it is necessary to select a suitable electrode to ensure the best balance of welding quality and efficiency.